abubaker
عدد المساهمات : 18649
تاريخ التسجيل : 23/12/2010
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الدولـة : jordan
 |  موضوع: تعجيل الإفطار للصائم في رمضان Hastening breakfast to fasting in Ramadan - رياض الصالحين مترجما للإنجليزية كتاب الفضائل .. الجزء الثالث ( 2 )  الإثنين أغسطس 01, 2016 8:48 pm | |
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222 - باب فضل تعجيل الفطر وما يفطر عليه وما يقوله بعد إفطاره
Chapter 222
The Superiority of Hastening to Break the Fast, and the supplication to say upon Breaking it
1233 - عن سهل بن سعد رضي الله عنه أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم قال : [ لا يزال الناس بخير ما عجلوا الفطر ] متفق عليه
1233. Sahl bin Sa`d (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said, "People will continue to adhere to good as long as they hasten to break the Saum (fasting).''
[Al-Bukhari and Muslim].
Commentary: "Adhere to good'' here means welfare of the religion as well as that of this world. Breaking the Saum early does not mean that it is terminated before the prescribed time. What it really means is without any delay after the sunset. One should not delay it for the mere reason that the rigour one has gone through in the Saum should be enhanced further, as is done by some Sufi. There is no merit in such things because the real merit lies in following the Sunnah of the Prophet (PBUH). Welfare of the Muslims will, therefore, come in the share of the Muslims because of their following the Prophet's Sunnah of breaking the Saum in the early moments of the prescribed time.
1234 - وعن أبي عطية قال : دخلت أنا ومسروق على عائشة رضي الله عنها فقال لها مسروق : رجلان من أصحاب محمد صلى الله عليه و سلم كلاهما لا يألو عن الخير : أحدهما يعجل المغرب والإفطار والآخر يؤخر المغرب والإفطار . فقالت : من يعجل المغرب والإفطار ؟ قال : عبد الله ( يعني ابن مسعود ) فقالت : هكذا كان رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم يصنع . رواه مسلم
قوله [ لا يألو ] : أي لا يقصر في الخير
1234. Abu Atiyyah (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: Masruq and I visited `Aishah (May Allah be pleased with her) and said: "O Mother of the Believers! There are two Companions of Muhammad (PBUH) and neither of them holds back from doing good acts; but one of them hastens to break Saum (fasting) and hastens to perform the Maghrib prayer, while the other delays breaking Saum and delays performing Salat (prayer).'' She asked, "Who is the one who hastens to break Saum and perform the Maghrib prayer?'' Masruq said, "It is `Abdullah (meaning `Abdullah bin Mas`ud).'' She said, "The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) used to do so.''
[Muslim].
Commentary: This Hadith points out the practice of the Prophet (PBUH) of breaking the Saum and performing the Maghrib prayer in the early moments of the prescribed time.
1235 - وعن أبي هريرة رضي الله عنه قال قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم : [ قال الله
عز و جل : أحب عبادي إلي أعجلهم فطرا ] رواه الترمذي وقال حديث حسن
1235. Abu Hurairah (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said, "Allah the Most High says: `From amongst my slaves, the quicker the one is in breaking the Saum (fasting), the dearer is he to me.'''
[At-Tirmidhi].
Commentary: The person who breaks the Saum in its early time is best loved by Allah because he is a true follower of the Prophet (PBUH).
1236 - وعن عمر بن الخطاب رضي الله عنه قال قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم : [ إذا أقبل الليل من ههنا وأدبر النهار من ههنا وغربت الشمس فقد أفطر الصائم ] متفق عليه
1236. `Umar bin Al-Khattab (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said: "When the night approaches from this side (i.e., the east) and the day retreats from that side (i.e., west) and the sun sets, then it is time for a person observing Saum (fasting) to break his fast.''
[Al-Bukhari and Muslim].
Commentary: The words "break his fast'' can be interpreted in two ways. First, it is time to break the Saum . Second, the Saum has reached its end. Whether one eats or not the Saum is over because it comes to a close with sunset. Thus, the time for Saum has been determined that it begins with the daybreak and ends at sunset. Any increase in this time is exaggeration which is disliked by Allah.
1237 - وعن أبي إبراهيم عبد الله بن أبي أوفى رضي الله عنه قال : سرنا مع رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم وهو صائم فلما غربت الشمس قال لبعض القوم : [ يا فلان انزل فاجدح لنا ] فقال : يا رسول الله لو أمسيت ؟ قال : [ انزل فاجدح لنا ] قال : إن عليك نهارا قال : [ انزل فاجدح لنا ] قال : فنزل فجدح لهم فشرب رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم ثم قال : [ إذا رأيتم الليل قد أقبل من ههنا فقد أفطر الصائم ] وأشار بيده قبل المشرق . متفق عليه
قوله [ اجدح ] بالجيم ثم دال ثم حاء مهملتين : أي اخلط السويق بالماء
1237. Abu Ibrahim `Abdullah bin Abu Aufa (May Allah be pleased with them) reported: We were with the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) on a journey and he was observing Saum (fasting). When the sun set, he (PBUH) said to a person, "Dismount and prepare the ground roasted barley drink for us.'' Upon this he replied, "O Messenger of Allah, there is daylight still.'' The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said, "Get down and prepare barley drink for us.'' He said, "But it is still daytime.'' The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) again said to him, "Get down and prepare barely drink for us.'' So he got down and prepared a barley liquid meal for him. The Prophet (PBUH) drank that and then said, "When you perceive the night approaching from that side, a person observing Saum (fasting) should break the fast.'' And he (PBUH) pointed towards the east with his hand.
[Al-Bukhari and Muslim].
Commentary: This Hadith stresses that Saum must be broken soon after sunset and without delay.
1238 - وعن سليمان بن عامر الضبي الصحابي رضي الله عنه عن النبي صلى الله عليه و سلم قال : [ إذا أفطر أحدكم فليفطر على تمر فإن لم يجد فليفطر على ماء فإنه طهور ] رواه أبو داود والترمذي وقال حديث حسن صحيح
1238. Salman bin `Amir (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: I heard the Prophet (PBUH) saying, "When one of you breaks his Saum (fasting), let him break it on dates; if he does not have any, break his fast with water for it is pure.''
[Abu Dawud].
1239 - وعن أنس رضي الله عنه قال : كان رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم يفطر قبل أن
يصلي على رطبات فإن لم تكن رطبات فتميرات فإن لم تكن تميرات حسا حسوات من ماء . رواه أبو داود والترمذي وقال حديث حسن
1239. Anas (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) used to break his Saum (fasting) before performing Maghrib prayer with three fresh date-fruits; if there were no fresh date-fruits, he will eat three dry dates; and if there were no dry date-fruits; he would take three draughts of water.
[At-Tirmidhi].
Commentary: It is well to keep the priorities of things mentioned in the Hadith as one gets the reward of following the Sunnah in breaking his Saum.
223 - باب أمر الصائم بحفظ لسانه وجوارحه عن المخالفات والمشاتمة ونحوها
Chapter 223
Safeguarding As-Saum (The Fast)
1240 - عن أبي هريرة رضي الله عنه قال قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم : [ إذا كان يوم صوم أحدكم فلا يرفث ولا يصخب فإن سابه أحد أو قاتله فليقل إني صائم ] متفق عليه
1240. Abu Hurairah (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said, "When any one of you is observing Saum (fasting) on a day, he should neither indulge in obscene language nor should he raise the voice; and if anyone reviles him or tries to quarrel with him he should say: `I am observing fast.'''
[Al-Bukhari and Muslim].
Commentary: This Hadith has already been mentioned and is repeated here for its being relevant to this chapter. We learn from it that during Saum not only food, drink and sex are prohibited but the improper use of the tongue and the other organs of the body as well. When one is observing Saum, he should neither use abusive language nor talk foolishly nor tell lies nor make obscene conversation nor indulge in backbiting nor quarrel with anyone. If someone provokes him, he should keep himself quiet and remember that he is observing Saum and he has to abstain from such things. As far as possible, he should keep his tongue engaged in the remembrance of Allah and recitation of the Qur'an.
1241 - وعنه رضي الله عنه قال قال النبي صلى الله عليه و سلم : [ من لم يدع قول الزور والعمل به فليس لله حاجة في أن يدع طعامه وشرابه ] رواه البخاري
1241. Abu Hurairah (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Prophet (PBUH) said, "If one does not eschew lies and false conduct, Allah has no need that he should abstain from his food and his drink.''
[Al-Bukhari].
Commentary: This Hadith exhorts those observing Saum to fulfill all the requirements of fasting. One should not conduct himself in such a manner that on the one side he observes Saum and on the other he is fearless of Allah. To save himself from Allah's Wrath and to get the reward of the fasts, one must abstain from all sorts of vices, such as cheating, lying, backbiting, and using obscene language. The threat held against such people in this Hadith should make them fear that their Saum will go waste and they would be deprived of its reward. It does not mean that such people should start eating and drinking during Saum but what is intended is that they should save themselves from all kinds of sins so that they may earn the reward of Saum.
224 - باب مسائل من الصوم
Chapter 224
Matters relating to As-Saum (Fasting)
1242 - عن أبي هريرة رضي الله عنه عن النبي صلى الله عليه و سلم قال : [ إذا نسي أحدكم فأكل أو شرب فليتم صومه فإنما أطعمه الله وسقاه ] متفق عليه
1242. Abu Hurairah (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Prophet (PBUH) said, "If any one of you forgetfully eats or drinks (while observing fasting) he should complete his Saum (fasting), for Allah has fed him and given him to drink.''
[Al-Bukhari and Muslim].
Commentary: This Hadith tells us of a kindness and convenience of Islam that during the Saum if a person inadvertently does any such thing which destroys his Saum, i.e., eating, drinking, cohabitation with wife, etc., his Saum will remain intact due to forgetfulness, provided one abandons the act as soon as he remembers that he is observing Saum . He needs not make any expiation for such a Saum.
1243 - وعن لقيط بن صبرة رضي الله عنه قال قلت : يا رسول الله أخبرني عن الوضوء ؟ قال : [ أسبغ الوضوء وخلل بين الأصابع وبالغ في الاستنشاق إلا أن تكون صائما ] رواه أبو داود والترمذي وقال حديث حسن صحيح
1243. Laqit bin Sabirah (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: I requested the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) to talk to me about ablution. He said, "Perform the Wudu' well (by washing those parts of the body, such as the face, hands and feet beyond what is required, like washing the hands up to the upper-arm instead of the elbow). Cleanse the base of your fingers and sniff water deep into the nose except when you are observing fast.''
[Abu Dawud and At-Tirmidhi].
Commentary: Ordinarily, it is necessary for Wudu' that one should pass water through the nose and rinse mouth thoroughly. But when one is observing Saum, he has to take care that water does not go down the throat through the nose as this nullifies the Saum.
1244 - وعن عائشة رضي الله عنها قالت : كان رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم يدركه الفجر وهو جنب من أهله ثم يغتسل ويصوم . متفق عليه
1244. `Aishah (May Allah be pleased with her) reported: The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) would wake up at Fajr time in a state of Janabah; so he would take bath before dawn and observe fasting.
[Al-Bukhari and Muslim].
1245 - وعن عائشة رضي الله عنها وأم سلمة رضي الله عنها قالتا : كان رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم يصبح جنبا من غير حلم ثم يصوم ] متفق عليه
1245. `Aishah, and Umm Salamah (May Allah be pleased with them) reported: The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) would wake during Ramadan (fasting) in a state of major impurity without a wet dream, but on account of sexual intercourse and he would take a bath before dawn.
[Al-Bukhari and Muslim].
Commentary: This Hadith sometimes and the one preceding it inform us that when the Prophet (PBUH) would awake in the morning and was in need of bath as a result of coition with his wife, he would take Sahur in that condition and then take a bath and perform Fajr prayer, because purification is essential for Salat. This condition of Janabah (impurity) occurred without Ihtilam (wet dream) and its cause was coitus with his wife because, according to a well-known saying, Ihtilam is the result of Satan's suggestions from which Prophets are safe.
225 - باب فضل صوم المحرم وشعبان والأشهر الحرم
Chapter 225
The Excellence of Observing Saum (Fasting) in the months of Muharram and Sha'ban and the Secred Months
1246 - عن أبي هريرة رضي الله عنه قال قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم : [ أفضل الصيام بعد رمضان شهر الله المحرم وأفضل الصلاة بعد الفريضة صلاة الليل ] رواه مسلم
1246. Abu Hurairah (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said, "The best month for observing Saum (fasting) next after Ramadan is the month of Allah, the Muharram; and the best Salat (prayer) next after the prescribed Salat is Salat at night (Tahajjud prayers).''
[Muslim].
Commentary: Reference of the month to Allah is a sign of its distinction and auspiciousness like Baitullah, Naqatullah etc. Muharram is one of the sacred months and it is this month with which the Islamic year starts. The other three sacred months are Rajab, Dhul-Qa`dah, and Dhul-Hijjah. The Hadith points out that fasting in the month of Muharram is better than any other month of the year after Ramadan.
1247 - وعن عائشة رضي الله عنها قالت : لم يكن النبي صلى الله عليه و سلم يصوم من شهر أكثر من شعبان فإنه كان يصوم شعبان كله
وفي رواية : كان يصوم شعبان إلا قليلا . متفق عليه
1247. `Aishah (May Allah be pleased with her) reported: The Prophet (PBUH) did not observe voluntary Saum (fasting) so frequently during any other month as he did during Sha`ban. He observed Saum throughout the month of Sha`ban.
Another narration is: He (PBUH) observed Saum during the whole month of Sha`ban except a few days.
[Al-Bukhari and Muslim].
Commentary: We learn from another Hadith the reason why the Prophet (PBUH) kept greater number of Saum in the month of Sha`ban. He did so because deeds are presented before Allah during this month. For this reason, he liked that when his deeds were presented, he should be observing Saum (Nasa'i) on the authority of Usamah (May Allah be pleased with him). In spite of this distinction of Sha`ban, Muslims have been ordered to observe Saum in the first fortnight only, and not in the second in order to maintain their energy and vitality for the obligatory Saum (i.e., Ramadan). The Prophet (PBUH) had greater spiritual strength and Saum did not cause him weakness due to this strength. Again, by virtue of this strength he would sometimes even observe Saum which is termed "Saum-al-Wisal'' (observing Saum continuous without a break in the evening). But he has forbidden his followers from such Saum.
1248 - وعن مجيبة الباهلية عن أبيها أو عمها أنه أتى رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم ثم انطلق فأتاه بعد سنة وقد تغيرت حاله وهيئته فقال : يا رسول الله أما تعرفني ؟ قال : [ ومن أنت ؟ ] قال : أنا الباهلي الذي جئتك عام الأول قال : [ فما غيرك وقد كنت حسن الهيئة ؟ ] قال : ما أكلت طعاما منذ فارقتك إلا بليل فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم : [ عذبت نفسك ] ثم قال : [ صم شهر الصبر ويوما من كل شهر ] قال : زدني فإن بي قوة قال : [ صم يومين ] قال : زدني قال : [ صم ثلاثة أيام ] قال : زدني قال : [ صم من الحرم واترك صم من الحرم واترك صم من الحرم واترك ] وقال بأصابعه الثلاث فضمها ثم أرسلها . رواه أبو داود
و [ شهر الصبر ] : رمضان
1248. Reported Mujibah Al-Bahiliyah on the authority of her father or uncle that he visited the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) once and then went to see him again after a year. His appearance had totally changed. He asked the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) if he had recognized him. The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) asked, "Who are you?'' He replied: "I am Al-Bahili who visited you last year.'' The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said, "You were quite handsome, what has changed your appearance so much?'' He replied, "Since my departure from here, I have not eaten anything except at night.'' The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) remarked, "You have put yourself to torture. Observe Saum (fasting) during the Month of Patience (i.e., Ramadan) and fast one day from each month.'' He submitted, "Permit me to observe more voluntary fasts because I have capacity to do so.'' The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said, "Then observe fasts for two days in every month.'' He said, "Permit me to observe more.'' The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said, "Observe fasts on three days in every month.'' He requested that he should be allowed to observe more fasts. The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said, "Fast three days during the sacred months and omit fasting for three days alternately.'' He (PBUH) joined his three fingers together and left them apart while repeating this sentence thrice.
[Abu Dawud].
Commentary: The name of Mujibah Bahiliyah's father was Abdullah bin Harith Al-Bahli, and if this incident relates to his uncle, his name is not well-known. In any case, he used to take meal at night only, that is, he used to observe Saum daily. Because of this routine, his health was greatly affected and the Prophet (PBUH) prohibited him from observing Saum daily and stressed that he should keep Saum thrice a month only, especially in the sacred months. With the formula of ten-fold reward, he could thus get reward of thirty days Saum in a month. This is how he would be reckoned as one who observes Saum throughout the year. People with weak health should not observe more than three Saum in a month. Those who are healthy, are allowed to observe more Saum, but it will be well if they do so in the style of Prophet Dawud, that is, on alternate days.
226 - باب فضل الصوم وغيره في العشر الأول من ذي الحجة
Chapter 226
The Excellence of As-Saum (The Fast) during the first ten Days of Dhul-Hijjah
1249 - عن ابن عباس رضي الله عنهما قال قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم : [ ما من أيام العمل الصالح فيها أحب إلى الله من هذه الأيام ] يعني أيام العشر . قالوا : يا رسول الله ولا الجهاد في سبيل الله ؟ قال : [ ولا الجهاد في سبيل الله إلا رجل خرج بنفسه وماله فلم يرجع من ذلك بشيء ] رواه البخاري
1249. Ibn `Abbas (May Allah be pleased with them) reported: The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said, "There are no days during which the righteous action is so pleasing to Allah than these days (i.e., the first ten days of Dhul-Hijjah).'' He was asked: "O Messenger of Allah, not even Jihad in the Cause of Allah?'' He (PBUH) replied, "Not even Jihad in the Cause of Allah, except in case one goes forth with his life and his property and does not return with either of it.''
[Al-Bukhari].
Commentary: This Hadith brings out the following two points:
1. Righteous deeds during the first ten days of the month of Dhul-Hijjah are far better and more rewarding than righteous deeds done on other days of the year, because they are Hajj days in the sacred season of pilgrimage. Because of their excellence and importance, Allah (SWT) swore by them, thus: "By the Dawn; by the ten Nights...'' (89:1,2)
2. Jihad has great eminence in Islam.
227 - باب فضل صوم يوم عرفة وعاشوراء وتاسوعاء
Chapter 227
The Excellence of Observing Saum on the Day of 'Arafah, 'Ashura' and Tasu'a (i.e., 9th of Muharram)
1250 - عن أبي قتادة رضي الله عنه قال : سئل رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم عن صوم يوم عرفة ؟ قال : [ يكفر السنة الماضية والباقية ] رواه مسلم
1250. Abu Qatadah (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) was asked about the observance of Saum (fasting) on the day of `Arafah. He said, "It is an expiation for the sins of the preceding year and the current year.''
[Muslim].
Commentary: The ninth day of Dhul-Hijjah is called Yaum-`Arafah . On this day, pilgrims stop and stand in prayers at `Arafat which is the most important ritual of Hajj, so much so that Hajj is deemed incomplete without it. On that day, the pilgrims are engaged in the remembrance of Allah and prayers as that is their most important worship on that day. For this reason, Saum is not desirable for them, but for other people, Saum has a special merit. The importance and merit of this Saum can be judged from the fact that it expiates sins for two consecutive years: the previous year and the current year. But these sins relate only to the minor sins, not the major ones, or become a means of elevation of one's status.
1251 - وعن ابن عباس رضي الله عنه أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم صام يوم عاشوراء وأمر بصيامه . متفق عليه
1251. Ibn `Abbas (May Allah be pleased with them) reported: The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) observed Saum (fasting) on the day of `Ashura' and commanded us to fast on this day.
[Al-Bukhari and Muslim].
Commentary: `Ashura' 10th of Muharram. In another Hadith, it is stated that when the Prophet (PBUH) emigrated from Makkah to Al-Madinah, he saw that the Jews were fasting on this day. He asked them why they did this on that day, and they told him that they did it for the reason that Allah granted Prophet Musa emancipation from Pharaoh on this day, and so they observed Saum in token of their joy. On this, he (PBUH) said that in this happiness of Prophet Musa, Muslims have a greater right to observe Saum than the Jews. Consequently, he also observed Saum on 10th of Muharram. Then, he said that if he lived the following year, he would observe Saum on 9th of Muharram also so that they would make themselves different from the Jews. According to another Hadith, he (PBUH) ordained the Muslims to observe Saum on `Ashura' and in addition one more Saum on 9th or 11th of Muharram in opposition to the Jews. (Musnad Ahmad, Vol.4, P-21, edited by Ahmad Shakir; and Mujamma` Az-Zawaid, Vol.3, P-188). Thus observance of two Saum on this occasion is a Sunnah of the Prophet (PBUH). These two Saum can be observed either on 9th and 10th or 10th and 11th of Muharram. It is regrettable indeed that present-day Muslims do not follow this Sunnah of the Prophet (PBUH) and instead observe the baseless practices of mourning assemblies (Majalis), which is a grave sin practised by Shi`ah.
1252 - وعن أبي قتادة رضي الله عنه أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم سئل عن صيام يوم عاشوراء فقال : [ يكفر السنة الماضية ] رواه مسلم
1252. Abu Qatadah (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) was asked about observing As-Saum (the fast) on the tenth day of Muharram, and he replied, "It is an expiation for the sins of the preceding year.''
[Muslim].
1253 - وعن ابن عباس رضي الله عنهما قال قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم : [ لئن بقيت إلى قابل لأصومن التاسع ] رواه مسلم
1253. Ibn `Abbas (May Allah be pleased with them) reported: The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said, "If I remain alive till the next year, I shall also observe fast on the ninth of Muharram.''
[Muslim].
Commentary: Some people think these words stand to mean that `he will observe Saum on the 9th of Muharram only. But this interpretation does not agree with other Ahadith. In order to oppose the Jews, he (PBUH) resolved to observe one more Saum with that of 10th of Muharram and ordained it for the Muslims. In this connection, we have quoted above the authority from Musnad Ahmad. Hence, the meanings we have given in the translation of the text are correct.
228 - باب استحباب صوم ستة أيام من شوال
Chapter 228
The Desirability of Fasting six Days in the Month of Shawwal
1254 - عن أبي أيوب رضي الله عنه أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم قال : [ من صام رمضان ثم أتبعه ستا من شوال كان كصيام الدهر ] رواه مسلم
1254. Abu Ayyub (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said, "He who observes As-Saum (the fasts) in the month of Ramadan, and also observes As-Saum for six days in the month of Shawwal, it is as if he has observed As-Saum for the whole year.''
[Muslim].
Commentary: According to the formula that there is at least ten-fold reward for every virtue, the Saum of one month (Ramadan) are equivalent to Saum of ten months. If one also observes six days of Saum of Shawwal, they will be equal to Saum of two months. Thus, one becomes eligible for the reward of one full years' Saum. He who makes it a permanent feature is like one who observes Saum throughout his life. He will be considered by Allah as one who observes Saum permanently. Although voluntary in nature, they are highly important. One can observe these six-day Saum at a stretch or with intervals, but their observance one after the other at the beginning of the month is better. Similarly, if a person has missed some Saum of Ramadan due to illness, travelling etc., he should first make up the shortfall and then observe the voluntary six-day Saum of Shawwal.
229 - باب استحباب صوم الإثنين والخميس
Chapter 229
The Desirability of Observing Saum (Fasting) on Monday and Thursday
1255 - عن أبي قتادة رضي الله عنه أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم سئل عن صوم يوم الإثنين فقال : [ ذلك يوم ولدت فيه ويوم بعثت أو أنزل علي فيه ] رواه مسلم
1255. Abu Qatadah (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) was asked about fasting on Mondays. He said, "That is the day on which I was born and the day on which I received Revelation.''
[Muslim].
Commentary: This Hadith points out the excellence of fasting on Mondays. The reason behind this, as is stated in the Hadith, is that the Prophet (PBUH) was born on it and that it was the day on which he received the first Revelation. It coincided with the 17th Ramadan as well.
1256 - وعن أبي هريرة رضي الله عنه عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم قال : [ تعرض الأعمال يوم الإثنين والخميس فأحب أن يعرض عملي وأنا صائم ] رواه الترمذي وقال حديث حسن . ورواه مسلم بغير ذكر الصوم
1256. Abu Hurairah (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said, "Deeds of people are presented (to Allah) on Mondays and Thursdays. So I like that my actions be presented while I am fasting.''
[At-Tirmidhi].
Commentary: Observance of Saum on Monday and Thursday is Mustahabb (desirable), and the reason for its being so has been mentioned in the Hadith.
1257 - وعن عائشة رضي الله عنها قالت : كان رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم يتحرى صوم الإثنين والخميس . رواه الترمذي وقال حديث حسن
1257. `Aishah (May Allah be pleased with her)u reported: The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) used to observe fast on Mondays and Thursdays.
[At-Tirmidhi].
Commentary: "Yataharra" in the Hadith means to seek and search, that is, he (PBUH) used to make special arrangements for it. The reason he was so particular about these Saum has been mentioned in the previous Hadith.
230 - باب استحباب صوم ثلاثة أيام من كل شهر
Chapter 230
The Desirability of Observing Three Days of Fasting in Every Month
الأفضل صومها في أيام البيض . وهي الثالث عشر والرابع عشر والخامس عشر . وقيل : الثاني عشر والثالث عشر والرابع عشر والصحيح المشهور هو الأول
1258 - عن أبي هريرة رضي الله عنه قال : أوصاني خليلي صلى الله عليه و سلم بثلاث : صيام ثلاثة أيام من كل شهر وركعتي الضحى وأن أوتر قبل أن أنام . متفق عليه
1258. Abu Hurairah (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: My friend (the Messenger of Allah) (PBUH) directed me to observe fast for three days in every month, to perform two Rak`ah (optional) Duha prayer at forenoon and to perform the Witr prayer before going to bed.
[Al-Bukhari and Muslim].
1259 - وعن أبي الدرداء رضي الله عنه قال أوصاني حبيبي صلى الله عليه و سلم بثلاث لن أدعهن ما عشت : بصيام ثلاثة أيام من كل شهر وصلاة الضحى وبأن لا أنام حتى أوتر . رواه مسلم
1259. Abud-Darda (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: My friend (the Messenger of Allah) (PBUH) directed me to observe Saum (fasting) for three days in every month, to perform two Rak`ah (optional) Duha prayer at forenoon, and to perform the Witr prayer before going to bed.
[Al-Bukhari and Muslim].
1260 - وعن عبد الله بن عمرو بن العاص رضي الله عنهما قال قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم : [ صوم ثلاثة أيام من كل شهر صوم الدهر كله ] متفق عليه
1260. `Abdullah bin `Amr bin Al-`As (May Allah be pleased with them) reported: The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said, "Observing Saum (fasting) on three days of every month is equivalent to a full month's fasting.''
[Al-Bukhari and Muslim].
1261 - وعن معاذة العدوية أنها سألت عائشة رضي الله عنها أكان رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم يصوم من كل شهر ثلاثة أيام ؟ قالت : نعم فقلت : من أي الشهر كان يصوم ؟ قالت : لم يكن يبالي من أي الشهر يصوم . رواه مسلم
1261. Mu`adhah Al-`Adawiyah (May Allah be pleased with her) reported: I asked `Aishah (May Allah be pleased with her). Did the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) use to observe three days of Saum (fasting) in every month?'' She replied, "Yes.'' I asked, "On which days in the month did he observed fast?'' She replied that he did not mind on which days of the month he observed fast.
[Muslim].
Commentary: This Hadith makes it clear that one can observe Saum on any three days of the month, and it is not necessary to fix these days. However, it is more meritorious to observe Saum on 13th, 14th and 15th of each lunar month because the Prophet (PBUH) has so ordained it. He himself also used to take special care of these dates and observe Saum on them, as is evident from the forthcoming Ahadith.
1262 - وعن أبي ذر رضي الله عنه قال قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم : [ إذا صمت من الشهر ثلاثا فصم ثلاث عشرة وأربع عشرة وخمس عشرة ] رواه الترمذي وقال حديث حسن
1262. Abu Dharr (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said, "If you want to observe Saum on three days in a month, then fast on the thirteenth, fourteenth and fifteenth of the (lunar) month.''
[At-Tirmidhi].
1263 - وعن قتادة بن ملحان رضي الله عنه قال : كان رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم يأمرنا بصيام أيام البيض : ثلاث عشرة وأربع عشرة وخمس عشرة . رواه أبو داود
1263. Qatadah bin Milhan (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) directed us to observe Saum (fasting) on the thirteenth, fourteenth and fifteenth of the (lunar) month.
[Abu Dawud].
1264 - وعن ابن عباس رضي الله عنه قال : كان رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم لا يفطر أيام البيض في حضر ولا سفر . رواه النسائي بإسناد حسن
1264. Ibn `Abbas (May Allah be pleased with them) reported: It was the practice of the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) to not to omit fast on `bright days' whether he was staying at a place or on a journey.
[An-Nasa'i].
Commentary: "Beed'' is the plural of "Abyad'' which means white. Three days of 13, 14 and 15 of lunar month are called "Al-Ayyam-ul-Beed'' for the reason that their nights are bright because of the moonlight. The moon begins to diminish gradually after these days. In any case, it is evident from the Ahadith mentioned here that observance of Saum on these days is more meritorious but one can do so with benefit on other days also.
231 - باب فضل من فطر صائما وفضل الصائم الذي يؤكل عنده ودعاء الآكل للمأكول عنده
Chapter 231
The Merit of Providing something to the Person Observing Saum (Fasting) for breaking the Fast
1265 - عن زيد بن خالد الجهني رضي الله عنه عن النبي صلى الله عليه و سلم قال : [ من فطر صائما كان له مثل أجره غير أنه لا ينقص من أجر الصائم شيء ] رواه الترمذي وقال حديث حسن صحيح
1265. Zaid bin Khalid Al-Juhani (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Prophet (PBUH) said, "He who provides a fasting person something with which to break his fast, will earn the same reward as the one who was observing the fast, without diminishing in any way the reward of the latter.''
[At-Tirmidhi].
1266 - وعن أم عمارة الأنصارية رضي الله عنها أن النبي صلى الله عليه و سلم دخل عليها فقدمت إليه طعاما فقال : [ كلي ] فقالت : إني صائمة فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم : [ إن الصائم تصلي عليه الملائكة إذا أكل عنده حتى يفرغوا ] وربما قال : [ حتى يشبعوا ] رواه الترمذي وقال حديث حسن
1266. Umm `Umarah Al-Ansariyah (May Allah be pleased with her) reported: Once the Prophet (PBUH) visited us and I served him some food. He (PBUH) asked me to eat. I replied that I was observing (optional) fast. He (PBUH) said, "When people eat by a person observing fast, the angels keep asking Allah's forgiveness for that person until they have had their fill.''
[At-Tirmidhi].
Commentary: This Hadith tells us the merits of the person who is himself observing Saum but serves meals to others.
1267 - وعن أنس رضي الله عنه أن النبي صلى الله عليه و سلم جاء إلى سعد بن عبادة رضي الله عنه فجاء بخبز وزيت فأكل ثم قال النبي صلى الله عليه و سلم : [ أفطر عندكم الصائمون وأكل طعامكم الأبرار وصلت عليكم الملائكة ] رواه أبو داود بإسناد صحيح
1267. Anas (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Prophet (PBUH) came to visit Sa`d bin `Ubadah (May Allah be pleased with him) who presented bread and olive oil to him. The Prophet (PBUH) ate it and said, "The observers of fast have broken their fast with you (this is the literal translation, but the meaning is: `May Allah reward you for providing a fasting people with food to break their fast'); the pious people have eat your food and the angels invoked blessings on you.''
[Abu Dawud].
Commentary: The word "Aftara'' is informative in nature, but it is used in the sense of a prayer. Thus, what it denotes is "May Allah give you the reward of one who arranges for the Iftar (breaking the Saum) of somebody." Thus, it induces one to hospitality according to his means.
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