361 - باب كراهة الخروج من بلد وقع به الوباء فرارا مه وكراهة القدوم عليه Chapter 361 Undesirability of departing from or coming to a Place stricken by a Epidemic 1791 -

361 - باب كراهة الخروج من بلد وقع به الوباء فرارا مه وكراهة القدوم عليه
Chapter 361
Undesirability of departing from or coming to a Place stricken by a Epidemic

قال الله تعالى ( النساء 78 ) : { أينما تكونوا يدرككم الموت ولو كنتم في بروج مشيدة }
وقال تعالى ( البقرة 195 ) : { ولا تلقوا بأيديكم إلى التهلكة }
Allah, the Exalted, says:
"Wheresoever you may be, death will overtake you even if you are in fortresses built up strong and high!'' (4:78)
"And do not throw yourselves into destruction.'' (2:195)

1791 - وعن ابن عباس رضي الله عنهما أن عمر بن الخطاب رضي الله عنه خرج إلى الشام حتى إذا كان بسرغ لقيه أمراء الأجناد أبو عبيدة بن الجراح وأصحابه فأخبروه أن الوباء قد وقع بالشام قال ابن عباس فقال لي عمر : ادع لي المهاجرين الأولين فدعوتهم فاستشارهم وأخبرهم أن الوباء قد وقع بالشام فاختلفوا فقال : بعضهم خرجت لأمر ولا نرى أن ترجع عنه وقال بعضهم : معك بقية الناس وأصحاب رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم ولا نرى أن تقدمهم على هذا الوباء . فقال : ارتفعوا عني ثم قال : ادع لي الأنصار فدعوتهم فاستشارهم فسلكوا سبيل المهاجرين واختلفوا كاختلافهم فقال : ارتفعوا عني ثم قال : ادع لي من كان هاهنا من مشيخة قريش من مهاجرة الفتح فدعوتهم فلم يختلف عليه منهم رجلان فقالوا : نرى أن ترجع بالناس ولا تقدمهم على هذا الوباء فنادى عمر رضي الله عنه في الناس : إني مصبح على ظهر فأصبحوا عليه فقال أبو عبيدة بن الجراح رضي الله عنه : أفرارا من قدر الله فقال عمر رضي الله عنه : لو غيرك قالها يا أبا عبيدة وكان عمر يكره خلافه نعم نفر من قدر الله إلى قدر الله أرأيت لو كان لك إبل فهبطت واديا له عدوتان إحداهما خصبة والأخرى جدبة أليس إن رعيت الخصبة رعيتها بقدر الله وإن رعيت الجدبة رعيتها بقدر الله ؟ قال : فجاء عبد الرحمن بن عوف رضي الله عنه وكان متغيبا في بعض حاجته فقال : إن عندي من هذا علما : سمعت رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم يقول : [ إذا سمعتم به بأرض فلا تقدموا عليه وإذا وقع بأرض وأنتم بها فلا تخرجوا فرارا منه ] فحمد الله تعالى عمر رضي الله عنه وانصرف . متفق عليه
[ العدوة ] : جانب الوادي

1791. Ibn `Abbas (May Allah be pleased with them) reported: `Umar bin Al-Khattab (May Allah be pleased with him) set out for Ash-Sham (the region comprising Syria, Palestine, Lebanon and Jordan). As he reached at Sargh (a town by the side of Hijaz) he came across the governor of Al-Ajnad, Abu `Ubaidah bin Al-Jarrah (May Allah be pleased with him) and his companions. They informed him that an had broken out in Syria. Ibn `Abbas relates: `Umar (May Allah be pleased with him) said to me: "Call to me the earliest Muhajirun (Emigrants).'' So I called them. He sought their advice and told them that an epidemic had broken out in Ash-Sham. There was a difference of opinion whether they should proceed further or retreat to their homes in such a situation. Some of them said: "You have set forth to fight the enemy, and therefore you should not go back;'' whereas some of them said: "As you have along with you many eminent Companions of Messenger of Allah (PBUH), we would not advice you to set forth to the place of the plague (and thus expose them deliberately to a danger).'' `Umar (May Allah be pleased with him) said: "You can now go away.'' He said: "Call to me the Ansar (the Helpers).'' So I called them to him, and he consulted them and they differed in their opinions as well. He said: "Now, you may go.'' He again said: "Call the old (wise people) of the Quraish who had emigrated before the conquest of Makkah.'' I called them. `Umar (May Allah be pleased with him) consulted them in this issue and not even two persons among them differed in the opinions. They said: "We think that you should go back along with the people and do not take them to this scourge. `Umar (May Allah be pleased with him) made an announcement to the people, saying: "In the morning I intend to go back, and I want you to do the same.'' Abu 'Ubaidah bin Al-Jarrah (May Allah be pleased with him) said: "Are you going to run away from the Divine Decree?'' Thereupon `Umar (May Allah be pleased with him) said: "O Abu 'Ubaidah ! Had it been someone else to say this.'' ('Umar (May Allah be pleased with him) did not like to differ with him). He said: "Yes, we are running from the Divine Decree to the Divine Decree. What do you think if you have camels and you happen to get down a valley having two sides, one of them covered with foliage and the other being barren, will you not act according to the Divine Decree if you graze them in vegetative land? In case you graze them in the barren land, even then you will be doing so according to the Divine Decree.
There happened to come `Abdur-Rahman bin `Auf who had been absent for some of his needs. He said: I have knowledge about it. I heard the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) saying, "If you get wind of the outbreak of plague in a land, you should not enter it; but if it spreads in the land where you are, you should not depart from it.'' Thereupon `Umar bin Khattab (May Allah be pleased with him) praised Allah and went back.
[Al-Bukhari and Muslim].
Commentary: "Ajnad'' stands for five regions of Syria: Palestine, Jordan, Damascus, Hims and Qansarin. (An-Nawawi).
'Umar (May Allah be pleased with him) praised Allah for the reason that his own Ijtihad was in accordance with the Hadith of the Prophet (PBUH). The opinion given by the groups of Ansar and Muhajirun before this Ijtihad was also based on some principles of Shari`ah: those who had advised not to return had evinced submission to the Will of Allah and their absolute trust in Him, and the other group which had preferred the way of precaution had suggested to avoid any such action which could prove harmful.
Although such precautionary measures could not save them from the Divine Decree, they decided to take all possible precautions because this is what is ordained by Allah. In fact, this was the basis of the Ijtihad made by `Umar, the veracity of which was proved by the Hadith of the Prophet (PBUH). This Hadith confirmed the point of view of Imam An-Nawawi. Thus, this Hadith highlights the following four important points:
1. The test of validity of any decision is its correspondence with Shari`ah.
2. The desirability of mutual consultation.
3. The power of the Imam to depart from the advice of the consultative body.
4. The responsibility of the Imam to make every possible effort for the security of his subjects.

1792 - وعن أسامة رضي الله عنه عن النبي صلى الله عليه و سلم قال : [ إذا سمعتم الطاعون بأرض فلا تدخلوها وإذا وقع بأرض وأنتم فيها فلا تخرجوا منها ] متفق عليه
1792. Usamah bin Zaid (May Allah be pleased with him) said: The Prophet (PBUH) said, "If you get wind of the outbreak of plague in a land, do not enter it; and if it breaks out in a land in which you are, do not leave it.''
[Al-Bukhari and Muslim].

362 - باب التغليظ في تحريم السحر
Chapter 362
Prohibition of Magic

قال الله تعالى ( البقرة 102 ) : { وما كفر سليمان ولكن الشياطين كفروا يعلمون الناس السحر } الآية
Allah, the Exalted, says:
"Sulaiman (Solomon) did not disbelieve, but the Shayatin (devils) disbelieved, teaching men magic.'' (2:102)

1793 -